Fasahar Weihua ?wararren ?wararrun masu samar da kayan ha?akar aluminum ne, muna da ?warewar fasaha, ?warewar samarwa mai kyau, kayan aiki masu inganci masu kyau da abokan cinikin ?etare don kulla dangantakar abokantaka ta dogon lokaci.Zamu iya warware kanmu gaba ?aya ayyukan samar da kayayyakin extrusion na aluminum, wato "bincike da ci gaba na samfur", "?irar ?ira da ?era masana'antu", "simintin gyare-gyare na allo", da dai sauransu Kuna maraba don tuntu?ar kayan aikin aluminum.
Kirkirar Aluminiya da fasahar sarrafawa
1. Ingantaccen iko akan hada sinadarai
6063-t5 bayanan martaba na aluminium dole ne su kasance suna da wasu kayan aikin injiniya.Karkashin irin wa?annan yanayi, ?arfin juzu'i da ?arfin samar da ?aruwa ya ha?aka tare da ha?akar abubuwan da ke ciki. Lokacin ?arfafa ?arfin 6063 na zinare galibi shine matakin Mg2Si. Yaya yawan Mg, Si da Mg2Si ya kamata a ?auka? Mg2Si lokaci yana ?unshe da atomatik magnesium biyu da atom na silicon ?aya. Dangin kwayar zarra ta magnesium ita ce 24,3 l kuma dangin kwayar zarran shine 28.09. Saboda haka, yawan adadin magnesium da silicon a cikin maha?in Mg2Si shine 1.73: 1.
Sabili da haka, bisa ga sakamakon bincike na sama, idan rabo daga magnesium-silicon abun ciki ya fi 1.73 girma, magnesium a cikin gami ba zai samar da matakin Mg2Si kawai ba, har ma magnesium mai yawa; in ba haka ba, idan rabo bai kai 1.73 ba, yana nuna cewa silicon zai samar da Mg2Si lokaci kuma har yanzu yana da silicon da ya saura.
Magnesium mai yawa yana da illa ga kayan aikin inji na alloys.Magnesium gaba?aya ana sarrafa shi da kusan 0.5%, Mg2Si duka sarrafawa a 0.79% .Lokacin akwai rarar 0.01% silicon, kayan inji na b na gami kusan 218Mpa, wanda ke da ya wuce matsayin aikin kasa, kuma rarar siliki ta karu daga 0.01% zuwa 0.13%, b ana iya karawa zuwa 250Mpa, wanda shine 14.6% .Domin samar da wani adadin Mg2Si, asarar sinadarin siliki da wasu abubuwa kamar Fe da Dole ne a yi la'akari da Mn da farko, ma'ana, dole ne a tabbatar da adadin sinadarin silicon da ya wuce kima. Domin magnesium da ke cikin alli 6063 ya yi daidai da silicon, dole ne a yi ?o?ari don yin Mg: Si <1.73 yayin ainihin Ragowar magnesium ba kawai yana raunana ?arfin ?arfin ba ne, amma kuma yana ?ara farashin kayan.
Sabili da haka, kayan ha?in 6063 ana sarrafa su gaba ?aya kamar: Mg: 0.45% -0.65%; Si: 0.35% -0.50%; Mg: Si = 1.25-1.30; Rashin Tsarkin Fe <0.10% -0.25%; Mn <0.10%.
2. Inganta tsarin ha?a??iyar ha?akar ha?akar ha?in kai
A cikin samar da bayanan martaba na farar hula, ?ayyadadden ?arancin zafin jiki na ha?in 6063 alloy shine 560 ± 20 ℃, rufin shine 4-6h, hanyar sanyaya ana tilasta sanyaya iska ko sanyaya ruwa.
Ha?in ha?in ha?in gwal na iya inganta saurin extrusion da rage matsin extrusion da kimanin 6% -10% idan aka kwatanta da ingot ba tare da ha?uwa ba.Rashin sanyaya bayan ha?uwa yana da mahimmin tasiri kan halayyar hazo da nama. sanyaya bayan ji?a, Mg2Si zai iya kusan narkar da shi gaba ?aya a cikin matrix ?in, kuma rarar Si shima zai zama cikakkiyar bayani ko watsawa na kyawawan ?wayoyi. Za a iya fitar da irin wannan ?wa??waran cikin hanzari a ?ananan zafin jiki kuma a sami kyawawan kaddarorin injina da hasken samaniya.
A cikin samar da extrusion na aluminium, maye gurbin wutar lantarki mai zafi mai zafi tare da mai ko wutar iskar gas na iya cimma tasirin ceton makamashi mai kyau.Zabi mai kyau na nau'in wutar, mai ?onawa da yanayin zagayawa na iska na iya sa wutar makera ta sami daidaito da kwanciyar hankali mai ?orewa, da cimma nasarar Dalilin daidaita aikin da inganta ?imar samfur.
Bayan shekaru da yawa na aiki da ci gaba da cigaba, wutar konewa ingot reheating wutar da konewa mai inganci sama da 40% an gabatar da ita a kasuwar.Itan wutar makera bayan zafafa sama da sauri sama da 570 ℃, kuma bayan wani lokaci na ajiyar zafi, sanyaya yankin fitarwa kusa da extrusion zazzabi extrusion, billets a cikin wutar dumama ya sami gogewar ha?in kai, wani tsari da ake kira rabin kamannin kama, ya cika biyan bu?atun 6063 alloy hot extrusion tsari, kuma don haka yana adana tsari mai kama da kama ?aya, zai iya ya adana saka kayan aiki da amfani da makamashi, tsari ne da za'a inganta shi.
3. Inganta extrusion da zafi magani tsari
3.1 dumama ingot
Don samar da extrusion, yanayin zafin jiki na extrusion shine mafi mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci factor.Hawan zazzabi yana da tasiri mai yawa akan ?imar samfur, ?imar samarwa, mutuwar rayuwa da yawan kuzari.
Babbar matsalar extrusion ita ce kula da yanayin zafin ?arfe. Daga dumama ingot zuwa quenching na bayanan extrusion, ya zama dole a tabbatar cewa tsarin mai narkewa baya rabuwa da maganin ko bayyana tarwatsewar kananan kwayoyin.
Zafin zafin jiki na 6063 alloy ingot an saita shi gaba ?aya a cikin kewayon zafin Mg2Si, kuma lokacin ?umi yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan hazo na Mg2Si.Gama da baki ?aya, za a iya saita zafin zafin mai na 6063 alloy kamar:
Rashin ciki mara kyau: 460-520 ℃; Homogenized ingot: 430-480 ℃.
An daidaita yanayin zafin jiki bisa ga samfura daban-daban da matsin lamba a yayin aiki.The zazzabi na ingot a cikin yanki nakasawa yana canza yayin aikin extrusion. Tare da kammala aikin extrusion, zafin jiki na yankin lalacewa a hankali yana karuwa kuma saurin extrusion ya karu.Saboda haka, don hana fitowar fashewar extrusion, ya kamata a rage saurin extrusion a hankali tare da ci gaban aikin extrusion da karuwar yanayin zafin nakasa.
3.2 saurin gudu
Dole ne a sarrafa saurin extrusion a hankali yayin aikin extrusion.Yawan wucewa yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan tasirin tasirin nakasa, daidaiton nakasa, sake maimaitawa da aiwatar da mafita mai inganci, kayan inji da ingancin samfuran samaniya.
Idan saurin extrusion yayi sauri, saman samfurin zai bayyana rami, tsagewa da sauransu.A lokaci guda, saurin extrusion mai sauri yana kara rashin ingancin ?arfe nakasassu. Yawan fitowar lokacin fitowar ya dogara da nau'in gami da lissafin yanayi, girma da yanayin yanayin bayanan martaba.
Za'a iya za?ar saurin extrusion na bayanan alloy na 6063 (saurin fitar ?arfe) azaman 20-100 m / min.
Tare da ci gaban fasahar zamani, ana iya sarrafa saurin extrusion ta hanyar shiri ko shirin kwaikwayo. A halin yanzu, sabbin fasahohi kamar su tsarin isar da ruwa na kasa da CADEX an bunkasa.By ta hanyar daidaita saurin extrusion din ta atomatik don kiyaye zafin yanayin yankin nakasassu cikin tsayayyen zangon, ana iya cimma manufar saurin yaduwar ba tare da fasa ba.
Domin inganta ingancin samarwa, za a iya daukar matakai da yawa a cikin aiwatarwar.A yayin amfani da dumama mai shigar da wuta, akwai tayin zafin jiki na 40-60 ℃ (dumama dumama) tare da tsawon tsayin dutsen. Akwai kuma ruwa sanyaya mutu extrusion, wato, a cikin ?arshen ?arshen ruwan sha wanda aka tilasta sanyaya, gwajin ya tabbatar da cewa za'a iya ha?aka saurin extrusion ta 30% -50%.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da nitrogen ko nitrogen na ruwa don sanyaya mutu (extrusion die) a ?asashen waje don ha?aka saurin extrusion, inganta rayuwar mutu da ha?aka ?imar martabar samaniya .Nitrogen zuwa fitowar extrusion ya mutu a cikin aikin extrusion, na iya haifar kayayyakin sanyaya cikin sauri raguwa, yanayin sanyaya extrusion ya mutu da yankin nakasa da karfe, sanya zafin nakasa ya dauke, yanayin fitar sinadarin yana dauke da yanayin nitrogen a lokaci guda, rage sinadarin aluminium, yana rage alumina mannewa da tarawa, don haka sanyaya nitrogen don inganta ingancin samfuran samfuran, na iya inganta saurin extrusion.CADEX sabon tsari ne wanda aka kirkira, wanda yake samar da tsarin madauki mai rufewa tare da yanayin zafin jiki, saurin extrusion da kuma matsi na extrusion yayin aikin extrusion don kara saurin extrusion da samar da inganci yayin tabbatar da mafi kyawun aiki.
3.3 quenching akan inji
Dalilin kashe 6063-t5 shine don adana mg2Si mai narkewa a cikin matrix karfe a zazzabi mai zafi bayan an sanyaya ramin da aka zaba zuwa zafin jiki cikin sauri.Hanyoyin sanyaya galibi suna dacewa da abun ciki na lokacin karfafawa. ?imar 6063 gami ita ce 38 ℃ / min, don haka ya dace da hu?ar iska. Za'a iya canza ?arfin sanyaya ta canza fan da juyin juya halin fan, don haka zafin jiki na samfurin kafin daidaitawar tashin hankali zai iya raguwa zuwa ?asa 60 ℃.
3.4 daidaita tashin hankali
Bayan bayanan martaba daga ramin mutu, babban abin gogewa tare da tarakta.Lokacin da taraktan ke aiki, yana motsa kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a cikin aiki tare da saurin fitowar kayayyakin tare da wani tashin hankali. Dalilin amfani da taraktan shine rage tsawon extrusion din waya da gogewa, amma kuma don hana bayanan martaba daga ramin da yake bayan ya karkata, lankwasawa, daidaita tashin hankali don kawo matsala.
Madaidaiciyar tashin hankali ba kawai za ta iya kawar da yanayin tsayin samfurin ba, amma kuma ta rage danniyar saura, ta inganta halaye na karfi da kiyaye kyakkyawar yanayin ta.
3.5 tsufa na wucin gadi
Kulawa da tsufa yana bu?atar daidaitaccen yanayin zafin jiki, bambancin zafin jiki bai wuce ± 3-5 ℃ .Abincin tsufa na wucin gadi na 6063 alloy gaba?aya 200 ℃ .Yanayin tsufa na tsufa shine awanni 1-2. Domin inganta kayan aikin inji, tsufan 180-190 Don ana amfani da awanni 3-4, amma ?arancin samarwa zai ragu.
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