Nui a hewahewa nā kumu i pono e no?ono?o ?ia i mea e ho?onui ai i nā pono i hiki ke ki?i ?ia me nā ?ano hahi kūlike.

?O ka mea mua, ko?iko?i ka kiko?ī i ka hana ?ana i ka huahana hope loa. He mea nui ?ole ia e hana i nā ho?olālā prototype me nā kiko?ī pololei e ho?oli?ili?i i nā hemahema, nā kīnā a me nā deformation, kahi e ho?opili ai i kona ikaika a me ka pono i ka wā hana, a me kāna hana ke ho?ohana hope ?ia.

?O ka lua, he mea nui e ?ike i nā ?ano a me nā lawena o nā mea i ho?ohana ?ia no ka hahi kiko?ī. ?O nā mea hao (e la?a me ke kila kila, aluminika, keleawe, keleawe a me nā metala hana kūikawā) a me nā ?ano ?ē ?ē a?e ke hō?ike ?ia i nā ikaika compressive, ka wela a me nā kumu ?ē a?e i ke ka?ina hahi.

?O ke kolu, ?o ke koho ?ana i nā ?āpana hahi kiko?ī e kūpono loa no ka ?āpana e hana ?ia ai he ho?oholo nui. ?O ka hana ?ana me kahi hoa stamp metala ?ike me ka mākaukau kūpono i kāu ?oihana e hele lō?ihi loa i ka ho?okō ?ana i kāu mau pahuhopu a me nā hopena i makemake ?ia.