Weihua tekinoroji inyanzvi yealuminium extrusion vatengesi, isu tave nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, hupfumi hwekugadzira ruzivo, yepamusoro michina yemidziyo yekudzora uye vatengi vekunze kumisikidza hukama hwakareba-hwekudyidzana.Tinogona zvizere kuzvimiririra kugadzirisa zvese zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwealuminium extrusion zvigadzirwa, zvinoti. "chigadzirwa kutsvagisa nekusimudzira", "dhizaini dhizaini uye kugadzira", "chiwanikwa kukanda", nezvimwewo Unogamuchirwa kuti ubvunze iyo yakashongedzwa aruminiyamu extrusion.
Aluminium extrusion kugadzirwa uye kugadzira tekinoroji
1.Kutonga kwakakwana kwemakemikari
6063-t5 aruminiyamu profiles inofanirwa kunge iine michina zvimiro.Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo tensile simba uye goho simba rakawedzera nekuwedzera kwezviri mukati.Chikamu chekusimbisa che6063 seti yegoridhe chinonyanya chikamu cheMg2Si. Iyo yakawanda sei huwandu hweMg, Si uye Mg2Si inofanirwa kutorwa? Mg2Si chikamu chinoumbwa nemaatomu maviri emagesium uye imwe silicon atomu. Iyo yakaenzana maatomu mashoma emagesium ane makumi maviri nematatu uye huremu huremu hweatomisi yesilicon iri 28.09. Naizvozvo, iyo saizi reshiyo yemagnesium uye nesilicon muMg2Si makomponi ndi1.73: 1.
Naizvozvo, zvinoenderana nezvataurwa pamusoro apa zvabuda, kana iyo reshiyo yemagesiumisi-yesilicon yakakura kudarika 1.73, magnesium mune alloy haingogadziri chete Mg2Si chikamu, asi zvakare yakawandisa magnesium; kana zvisina kudaro, kana iyo reshiyo iri pasi pe1.73, inoratidza kuti silicon ichaumba Mg2Si chikamu uye ichine resilicon yakasara.
Magnesium yakawandisa inokuvadza kune epamhepo zvigadzirwa zvealloys.Magnesium inowanzo kudzorwa panenge pa0,5%, Mg2Si yakazara kutonga pa0.79% .Kana paine yakasara ye0.01% yesilicon, michina zvivakwa b zvealloy zvinenge 218Mpa, iyo ine yakapfuura zvakanyanya kuita kweyakajairwa mashandiro, uye iyo yakasara silicon yakawedzerwa kubva pa0.01% kusvika pa0,3%, b inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika ku250Mpa, iri 14.6% Kuti ugadzire imwe huwandu hweMg2Si, kurasikirwa kwesilicon kunokonzerwa nekusachena kwakadai seFe uye Mn inofanirwa kutariswa kutanga, ndiko kuti, imwe huwandu hwesilicon yakawandisa inofanirwa kuvimbiswa.Kuti iyo magnesium iri mune chiwanikwa 6063 inyatsoenderana nesilicon, kuedza kwekuziva kunofanirwa kuitwa kugadzira Mg: Si <1.73 panguva chaiyo Kuwedzera kwemagnesium hakungoderedze simba rekusimbisa, asi zvakare kunowedzera mutengo wechigadzirwa.
Naizvozvo, kuumbwa kwe6063 alloy inowanzo kudzorwa se: Mg: 0.45% -0.65%; Si: 0.35% -0.50%; Mg: Si = 1.25-1.30; Kusachena Fe <0.10% -0.25%; Mn <0.10%.
2. Optimize iyo annealing maitiro e ingot homogenization
Mukugadzirwa kwemapurofita evagari vekunze, iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yunifomu yekuwedzera ye6063 chiwanikwa ndeye 560 ± 20 ℃, iyo insulation iri 4-6h, iyo nzira yekutonhora inomanikidzwa kutonhora kwemhepo kana kutonhora kwemvura.
Iyo homogenization yeiyo alloy inogona kuvandudza iyo extrusion yekumhanyisa uye kudzikisira iyo extrusion kumanikidza neinenge 6% -10% ichienzaniswa neiyo ingot isina homogenization. Iyo inotonhora mwero mushure me homogenization ine yakakosha mhedzisiro pakunaya kwehunhu. kutonhora mushure mekunyorova, Mg2Si inogona kunge yakanyungudika zvachose mumatrikisi, uye iyo yakasara Si ichavawo mhinduro yakasimba kana kupararira kwezvakanaka zvikamu.Ingot yakadaro inogona kukurumidza kubudiswa patembiricha yakadzika uye iwane yakanakisa michina zvivakwa uye kupenya kwepamusoro.
Mukugadzirwa kwealuminium extrusion, kutsiva kuramba kupisa kudziya nemafuta kana gasi kudziyisa choto kunogona kuwana yakajeka simba-yekuponesa athari.Sarudzo inonzwisisika yemhando yevira, burner nemhepo kutenderera maitiro zvinogona kuita kuti choto iwane yunifomu uye yakagadzikana kupisa kuita, uye kuzadzisa iyo. chinangwa chekudzikamisa maitiro uye kugadzirisa chigadzirwa chigadzirwa.
Mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda pamwe nekuvandudzwa kuri kuenderera, iyo ingot inopisa yemoto inodziya zvakare ine kupisa kwemoto kwakapfuura 40% yakaunzwa pamusika.Ingot chiraji yekuchaja mushure mekupisa nekukasira kumusoro kwe570 ℃, uye mushure menguva yenguva yekuchengetedza kupisa, kutonhora kuburitsa nzvimbo padyo ne extrusion tembiricha yekuwedzera, mabiriti muchoto chekupisa akasangana neiyo homogenization maitiro, maitiro anonzi hafu homogeneous kurapwa, zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zve6063 alloy inopisa extrusion maitiro, uye nekudaro inoponesa imwechete homogeneous makemikari akateedzana, inogona kwazvo chengetedza midziyo yekudyara uye simba rekushandisa, chiitiko chinofanira kusimudzirwa.
3. Optimize extrusion uye kupisa kurapwa maitiro
3.1 Kuchenesa ingot
Kune extrusion kugadzirwa, extrusion tembiricha ndiyo yakakosha uye yakakosha factor.Extrusion tembiricha ine simba rakakura pane chigadzirwa mhando, kugadzirwa kwekuita, kufa hupenyu uye simba rekushandisa.
Dambudziko rakakosha kwazvo rekuburitsa kunze ndiko kutonga kwesimbi tembiricha. Kubva pakupisa kweingot kusvika kudzima kweiyo extrusion profile, zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chinoparara hachiparadzane nemhinduro kana kuoneka kupararira kwezvidimbu zvidiki.
Iyo yekudziya tembiricha ye6063 alloy ingot inowanzo gadzirirwa mukati meye tembiricha renji reMg2Si kunaya, uye iyo yekudziya nguva ine yakakosha pesvedzero pane kunaya kweMg2Si.Zvakawanda kutaura, kudziya tembiricha ye6063 alloy ingot inogona kuiswa se:
Inhomogeneous ingot: 460-520 ℃; Homogenized ingot: 430-480 ℃.
Iyo tembiricha yekuwandisa inogadziridzwa zvinoenderana nezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa uye yunifomu yekumanikidza panguva yekushanda. Iyo tembiricha yeiyo ingot mune deformation zone inoshanduka panguva ye extrusion maitiro. Nekupedzwa kweiyo extrusion maitiro, iyo tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushanduka inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunowedzera.Saka, kuitira kudzivirira kubuda kwekutsemuka kwekutumbuka, kumhanya kwekuwedzera kunofanira kudzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma nekufambira mberi kweiyo extrusion maitiro uye iyo kuwedzera kwekushomeka kwenzvimbo tembiricha.
3.2 extrusion kumhanya
Iyo yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa inofanirwa kunyatso chengetedzwa panguva yekuwedzeredzwa process.Extrusion kumhanya ine yakakosha pesvedzero pane kupisa kwemhepo kwe deformation, deformation kufanana, kudzokororazve uye yakasimba mhinduro maitiro, zvemagetsi zvivakwa uye pamusoro pehunhu hwezvigadzirwa.
Kana iyo yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa ichinyanya kukurumidza, pamusoro pechigadzirwa kucharatidzika kuchikanda, kutsemuka uye zvichingodaro.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekukurumidza extrusion yekumhanyisa inowedzera inhomogeneity yesimbi deformation. Iyo yekuyerera chiyero panguva ye extrusion zvinoenderana nerudzi rwealloy uye iyo geometry, saizi uye mamiriro epamusoro emaprofiles.
Iyo extrusion kumhanya kwe6063 alloy profile (iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya kwesimbi) inogona kusarudzwa se 20-100 m / min.
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yazvino, iyo yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa inogona kudzorwa nechirongwa kana chirongwa chakaenzaniswa. Zvichakadaro, matekinoroji matsva senge isothermal extrusion maitiro uye CADEX akagadzirwa.Nokuzvigadzirisa otomatiki iyo extrusion yekumhanya kuti ichengetedze tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushomeka mune yakasarudzika renji, chinangwa chekukurumidza extrusion pasina mutswe chinogona kuwanikwa.
Kuti uvandudze kugona kwekugadzira, matanho mazhinji anogona kutorwa muchiitiko ichi Paunenge uchishandisa induction kupisa, pane tembiricha gradient ye40-60 ℃ (gradient kudziyisa) parutivi rwehurefu hweiyo ingot. Kune zvakare mvura kutonhora kufa extrusion, ndiko kuti, kumashure kwekupedzisira kwemvura yekumanikidza kumanikidzwa kutonhora, bvunzo yakaratidza kuti iyo yekuwedzera extrusion inogona kuwedzerwa ne30% -50%.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nitrogen kana mvura senitrogen yakashandiswa kutonhodza iyo kufa (extrusion kufa) kunze kwenyika kuwedzera iyo extrusion kumhanya, kugadzirisa hupenyu hwekufa uye kugadzirisa chimiro chepamusoro chimiro.Nitrogen kune iyo extrusion kufa yekubuda mune yekuwedzera nzira, inogona kukonzera izvo zvinotonhorera zvigadzirwa zvinokurumidza kudzvinyirira, kutonhora extrusion kufa uye simbi deformation nharaunda, ita kuti deformation kupisa ibviswe, iyo mold yekubuda inodzorwa nemhepo yenitrogen panguva imwe chete, yakaderedza iyo aluminium oxide, ichideredza iyo alumina adhesion uye kuunganidza, saka iyo nitrogen kutonhora kuvandudza pamusoro pehunhu hwezvigadzirwa, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya iyo extrusion kumhanya.CADEX ndiyo ichangoburwa dhizaini yekuwedzera, iyo inoumba yakavharwa chiuno sisitimu ine extrusion tembiricha, yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa uye yekumanikidza yekuwedzeredza panguva yeiyo extrusion maitiro ekuwedzera extrusion kumhanya uye kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uchiona kushanda kwakanyanya.
3.3 kudzima pamushini
Chinangwa chekudzima kwe6063-t5 ndechekuchengetedza iyo Mg2Si yakasimba yakanyungudika mumatrix simbi patembiricha yakakwira mushure mekunge gomba reforoma ratonhorera kutembiricha yemukati nekukurumidza.Yero inotonhorera inowanzoenderana nezviri muchikamu chinosimbisa. mwero we6063 alloy iri 38 ℃ / min, saka inokodzera kudzimisa mhepo.Kutonhodza kwesimba kunogona kuchinjwa nekushandura fan uye fan fan, kuti tembiricha yechigadzirwa isati yatwasuka kukakavara iderere kusvika pazasi pe60 ℃.
3.4 kukakavara kururamisa
Mushure mekuratidzira kubva mugomba rekufa, traction yakajairika netarakita.Kana iyo tirakita iri kushanda, inofambisa zvigadzirwa zvakabuditswa zvinowirirana nekumhanya kwekubuda kwezvigadzirwa neimwe tension traction. Chinangwa chekushandisa tirakita kudzora kureba kwewaya-waya extrusion uye pukuta, asi zvakare kudzivirira iyo profili kunze kweforoma gomba mushure mekumonyoroka, kukombama, kusagadzikana kutwasanudza kuunza dambudziko.
Kunetsekana kutwasanuka hakugone chete kubvisa chimiro chehurefu hwechigadzirwa, asi zvakare kunoderedza kusagadzikana kwayo kwekusara, kugadzirisa hunhu hwesimba uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo yayo yakanaka.
3.5 kukwegura kwekugadzira
Kuchembera kurapwa kunoda yunifomu tembiricha, tembiricha musiyano usingapfuure ± 3-5 ℃ .Iyo yekugadzira kuchembera tembiricha ye6063 chiwanikwa kazhinji 200 ℃ .Iyo yekuchembera kuputira nguva ndeye 1-2 maawa.In kuitira kugadzirisa michina zvivakwa, kuchembera kwe180-190 ℃ kwemaawa 3-4 anoshandiswa zvakare, asi kugona kwekugadzira kuchaderedzwa.
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