Itekhnoloji ye-Weihua ngumthengisi oqeqeshiweyo we-aluminium extrusion, sinobuchwephesha obuphambili, amava atyebileyo emveliso, izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zokulawula umgangatho kunye nabathengi bamanye amazwe ukuseka ubudlelwane bexesha elide lokusebenzisana.Sinokusombulula ngokuzimeleyo ngokuzimeleyo zonke iinkqubo zemveliso yealuminium extrusion iimveliso, ezizezi. "uphando ngemveliso kunye nophuhliso", "uyilo lwesikhunta kunye nokwenza imveliso", "i-alloy casting", njl Wamkelekile ukudibana nomshini wealuminium extrusion
Imveliso yeAluminiyam extrusion kunye netekhnoloji yokulungisa
1. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobume bemichiza
Iiprofayili ze-6063-t5 zokwakha i-aluminium kufuneka zibe neepropathi ezithile zoomatshini Phantsi kweminye imeko efanayo, amandla okuqina kunye namandla okuvelisa anyuke ngokunyuka komxholo. Isigaba sokomeleza iiseti zegolide ezingama-6063 ikakhulu sisigaba seMg2Si. Ubungakanani beMg, Si kunye neMg2Si ekufuneka buthathwe? Isigaba seMg2Si senziwe ngeeathom ezimbini zemagniziyam kunye neatom enye yesilicon. Ubunzima be-atomiki ye-magnesium yi-24.3 l kunye nobunzima be-athomu yesilicon ngu-28.09. Ke ngoko, umlinganiso wobunzima be-magnesium kunye ne-silicon kwi-Mg2Si compounds yi-1.73: 1.
Ke ngoko, ngokweziphumo zohlalutyo olungentla, ukuba umlinganiselo womxholo we-magnesium-silicon ungaphezulu kwe-1.73, i-magnesium kwi-alloy ayiyi kwenza kuphela isigaba se-Mg2Si, kodwa kunye ne-magnesium engaphezulu; Ngaphandle koko, ukuba umyinge ungaphantsi kwe-1.73, ibonisa ukuba i-silicon iya kwenza isigaba se-Mg2Si kwaye isenayo intsalela yesilicon.
I-magnesium egqithisileyo iyingozi kwiipropathi ze-alloys.Magnesium ilawulwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-0.5%, iMg2Si iyonke yolawulo kwi-0.79%. Xa kukho intsalela ye-0.01% yesilicon, iipropathi zoomatshini b ze-alloy zimalunga ne-218Mpa, ene idlulile kakhulu ekusebenzeni komgangatho wesizwe, kwaye i-surplus silicon inyuswe ukusuka kwi-0.01% ukuya kwi-0.13%, b inokunyuswa iye kwi-250Mpa, eyi-14.6% Ukwenza inani elithile le-Mg2Si, ilahleko yesilicon ebangelwe kukungcola okunje ngeFe kunye Mn kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuqala, oko kukuthi, isixa esithile se-silicon egqithisileyo kufuneka siqinisekiswe, ukwenzela ukuba i-magnesium kwi-alloy 6063 ifane ngokupheleleyo ne-silicon, kufuneka kwenziwe umgudu oqinisekileyo wokwenza i-Mg: Si <1.73 ngexesha lokwenyani Intsalela yemagniziyam ayisiyisi buthathaka kuphela isiphumo sokomeleza, kodwa inyusa neendleko zemveliso.
Ke ngoko, ukwakhiwa kwe-6063 alloy kulawulwa ngokubanzi njenge: Mg: 0.45% -0.65%; Si: 0.35% -0.50%; Mg: Si = 1.25-1.30; Ucoceko Fe <0.10% -0.25%; Mn <0.10%.
2. Ukuphucula inkqubo yokufakwa kwe-ingot homogenization
Kwimveliso yeeprofayili ezikhutshelwe eluntwini, ubungakanani obufanayo be-6063 alloy yi-560 ± 20 ℃, i-insulation yi-4-6h, indlela yokupholisa inyanzeliswa ukupholisa umoya okanye ukupholisa amanzi.
Ukunyusa i-homogenization ye-alloy kunokuphucula isantya sokukhupha kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion malunga ne-6% -10% xa kuthelekiswa ne-ingot ngaphandle kwe-homogenization.Ireyithi yokupholisa emva kokuba i-homogenization inefuthe elibalulekileyo ekuziphatheni kwemvula yethishu. Ukupholisa emva kokuntywila, i-Mg2Si inokunyibilika ngokuqinileyo ngokupheleleyo kwi-matrix, kwaye i-surplus Si iya kuba sisisombululo esiqinileyo okanye ukusasazeka kwamasuntswana amahle.I-ingot enjalo inokukhutshelwa ngokukhawuleza kubushushu obuphantsi kwaye ifumane iipropathi zoomatshini ezigqwesileyo kunye nokuqaqamba komphezulu.
Ekuveliseni i-aluminium extrusion, ukutshintsha indawo yokufudumeza ubushushu ngeoyile okanye ngerhasi yokufudumeza igesi kunokufezekisa amandla okonga amandla.Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kohlobo lwesithando somlilo, isitshisi kunye nemowudi yokujikeleza komoya kunokwenza ukuba iziko lifumane ukusebenza ngokufanayo kunye nokuzinzileyo kokufudumeza, kwaye kufezekiswe Injongo yokuzinzisa inkqubo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.
Emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusebenza kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo, ukuvutha kwesithando somlilo kunye nokusebenza komlilo ngaphezulu kwe-40% kuye kwaziswa kwintengiso.Ingot iziko lokutshaja emva kokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza ngaphezulu kwe-570 ℃, kwaye emva kwexesha lokulondolozwa kobushushu, Ukupholisa indawo yokukhutshelwa kufutshane nobushushu be-extrusion extrusion, i-billets kwiziko lokufudumeza inamava ngenkqubo yokwenza homogenization, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba sisiqingatha sonyango olufanayo, ngokusisiseko ihlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-alloy engama-6063, yiyo loo nto igcina ulandelelwano olunye lweekhemikhali, ukonga kakhulu izixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, yinkqubo emayikhuthazwe.
3. Lungiselela inkqubo yokunyusa ubushushu kunye nobushushu
3.1 ukufudumeza ingot
Kwimveliso yokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, ubushushu be-extrusion yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu.Ukushisa kwe-extrusion kunefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wemveliso, ukusebenza ngokukuko kwemveliso, ukusweleka kobomi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-extrusion kukulawula ubushushu bentsimbi. Ukusuka ekufudumaleni kwe-ingot ukuya ekucimeni iprofayili ye-extrusion, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba imeko yesigaba esinyibilikayo ayihlukanga kwisisombululo okanye ivele ukusasazeka kwamasuntswana amancinci.
Iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza ingxubevange ye-6063 ingot isethwe ngokubanzi kubushushu bemvula ye-Mg2Si, kwaye ixesha lokufudumeza linefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimvula ye-Mg2Si. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu be-6063 ingot ingingacwangciswa ngolu hlobo:
I-ingot engafaniyo: 460-520 ℃; Ingot enehomogenized: 430-480 ℃.
Ubushushu be-extrusion buhlengahlengiswa ngokweemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo lweyunithi ngexesha lokusebenza. Ubushushu be-ingot kwindawo yotshintsho lotshintsho ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhutshwa. Ngokugqitywa kwenkqubo ye-extrusion, iqondo lobushushu lommandla we-deformation liyonyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye isantya se-extrusion siyakhula.Ngoko ke, ukuthintela ukuvela kweentanda ze-extrusion, isantya sokukhupha kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokuthe chu nenkqubela phambili yenkqubo ye-extrusion kunye ukwanda lobushushu kummandla deformation.
Isantya se-3.2 sokukhupha
Isantya sokukhupha kufuneka silawulwe ngononophelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhutshelwa.Isantya sokukhuphela ngaphandle sinefuthe elibalulekileyo kwisiphumo sokufudumeza, ukufana kokumila, ukuphinda kwenziwe inkqubo kunye nesisombululo esomeleleyo, iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nomgangatho ophezulu weemveliso.
Ukuba isantya se-extrusion sikhawuleze kakhulu, umphezulu wemveliso uya kubonakala ngathi uyaqhekeka, njalo njalo.Ngexesha elifanayo, isantya sokukhupha isantya esikhawulezayo sonyusa inhomogeneity yentsimbi deformation.Uphumo lokuphuma ngexesha lokukhutshwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxubevange kunye ijiyometri, ubungakanani kunye nemeko engaphezulu yeeprofayili.
Isantya sokukhuphela ngaphandle kwiprofayili ye-alloy engama-6063 (isantya sokuphuma kwesinyithi) sinokukhethwa njenge-20-100 m / min.
Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yale mihla, isantya se-extrusion sinokulawulwa yinkqubo okanye inkqubo eyenziwe. Ngeli xesha, iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezinje ngenkqubo ye-isothermal extrusion kunye ne-CADEX ziye zaphuhliswa.Ngokuzenzekelayo ukulungisa isantya se-extrusion ukugcina iqondo lobushushu lommandla we-deformation kuluhlu oluhlala luhleli, injongo yokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuqhekeka inokufezekiswa.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, amanyathelo amaninzi anokuthathwa xa usenza ubushushu be-induction, kukho iqondo lobushushu le-40-60 ℃ (ukufudumeza ngegradient) ecaleni kobude be-ingot. ukupholisa ukufa okungaphezulu, oko kukuthi, kwisiphelo esingasemva sokupholisa okunyanzelekileyo kwamanzi, uvavanyo luye lwangqina ukuba isantya sokukhupha sinokunyuka nge-30% -50%.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-nitrogen okanye i-nitrogen engamanzi isetyenziselwe ukupholisa i-die (i-extrusion die) phesheya ukwandisa isantya se-extrusion, ukuphucula ubomi bokufa kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womgangatho weprofayile. I-nitrojeni kwi-extrusion die exit kwinkqubo ye-extrusion, inokubangela iimveliso zokupholisa ukusikwa ngokukhawuleza, ukupholisa ukufuduselwa ngaphandle kunye nendawo yesinyithi, yenza ukuba ubushushu buthathwe, ukuphuma kwesikhunta kulawulwa ngumoya wenitrogen ngaxeshanye, kuncitshiswe i-aluminium oxide, ukunciphisa ukubambelela kwe-alumina kunye nokuqokelelana Ukupholisa i-nitrogen ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso, kunokuphucula isantya se-extrusion.CADEX yinkqubo esandula ukuphuhliswa, eyenza inkqubo evaliweyo evaliweyo enobushushu be-extrusion, isantya sokukhuphela kunye noxinzelelo lwe-extrusion ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyusa isantya sokukhupha kunye ukusebenza kwemveliso ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukucima i-3.3 kumatshini
Isizathu sokucinywa kwe-6063-t5 kukugcina i-Mg2Si eqinileyo inyibilike kwisinyithi sematrix kubushushu obuphezulu emva kokuba umngxunya wokupholisa upholile ukuya kwigumbi lobushushu ngokukhawuleza.Ireyithi yokupholisa ihlala ilingana nomxholo wenqanaba lokomeleza. Umyinge we-6063 alloy yi-38 ℃ / min, ke kufanelekile ukucima umoya.Ukuqina kokupholisa kunokutshintshwa ngokutshintsha fan kunye ne-fan fan, ukuze ubushushu bemveliso ngaphambi kokulungiswa koxinzelelo bunokuncitshiswa bube ngaphantsi kwe-60 ℃.
Ukulungisa uxinzelelo
Emva kokuba iprofayile iphume emngxunyeni wokufa, ukutsalwa okuthe kratya ngogandaganda. Xa isebenza itrektara, ihambisa iimveliso ezikhutshiweyo ngokulandelelana kunye nesantya sokuphuma kweemveliso ngoxinzelelo oluthile lokutsala. Injongo yokusebenzisa itrektara ukunciphisa ubude be-multi-wire extrusion kunye nokusula, kodwa kunye nokuthintela iprofayili ngaphandle komngxunya wokungunda emva kokujija, ukugoba, ukoyisa uxinzelelo ukuzisa ingxaki.
Ukuqina kwempembelelo akunakuphelisa kuphela ubume bemveliso, kodwa kunciphise uxinzelelo lwentsalela, kuphuculwe amandla ayo kunye nokugcina umphezulu wayo ulungile.
3.5 ukwaluphala okungekuko
Unyango lokuguga lufuna ubushushu obufanayo, umahluko wobushushu ongagqithiyo kwi-± 3-5 ℃ .Ubushushu obugqityiweyo be-6063 ingxubevange ngokubanzi ingama-200 ℃ .Ixesha lokuguga eligugileyo liiyure ezi-1-2. Ukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini, ukuguga kwe-180-190 ℃ iiyure eziyi-3-4 zikwasetyenziswa, kodwa imveliso iya kuncitshiswa.
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